In one of the bigger food related stories of early 2013, it was
reported that horse meat was found in processed meat products labelled
as beef in Irish and British supermarkets. In some cases, the amount of
horse meat substituted for beef was as much as 100%.
While it’s clearly deceptive for food companies to label a product
one thing when it’s actually another, this page will explore what the
difference is between beef and horse meat nutritionally.
The ethics of horse meat consumption is a personal matter. And though
it’s definitely one you should have a choice in, if you choose to eat
cheap processed ‘meat’, it could be argued that you’re not really that
concerned with what you’re eating anyway. You’ll see why ahead.
For now, even though it may be distasteful to some, what are the
actual nutritional differences between beef and horse meat (assuming
just this time that they really are what they are labelled as)?
Calories
According to
nutritional data, 100 grams of cooked horse meat contains 175 calories, with 55 of those calories coming from fat.
By comparison, 100 grams of standard ground beef with 30% fat has
273 calories with 164 of those coming from fat.
While you may be able to find processed beef products with less than
30% fat, unless they are specifically labelled (and we’ve seen just how
well that works) the fat percentage can be even higher.
Fat Content
Horse meat is listed to be containing only 6 grams of fat per hundred
grams, 2 grams of saturated fat and 64 mg of cholesterol. It’s not
surprising, with most horses eating more grass than processed grain
pellets, that their meat would be relatively low-fat.
Ground beef is listed as having 18 grams of fat in total, with 7
grams of saturated fat and 1 gram of trans fat. Total cholesterol is 82
mg.
Intensive cattle production uses lots of fattening grain pellets as
the primary feed and often synthetic hormones to speed up the animal’s
weight gain. Cattle fed grain as their main diet will always be much
higher in fat compared to those that are grass fed.
Protein
The protein content of horse meat is around 28 grams per 100 grams, making this a high protein food.
Ground beef is comparable, though a little lower, with 25 grams per 100 gram serving.
Vitamins and Minerals
The levels of certain vitamins and mineral in horse meat are quite
high. It is a particularly rich source of iron and it also has good
amounts of the minerals zinc, selenium and phosphorus and of the B
vitamins niacin, B6 and B12.
Ground beef is also considered a good source of iron, though it is
significantly lower than horse meat, with less than half the content.
Zinc and selenium are higher in ground beef though and it also contains a
good concentration of most of the B vitamins.
Should You Eat Horse?
While at truly insignificant levels compared to beef consumption,
horse meat is eaten in many European countries like France, Germany and
Italy. In specialty butchers across Europe you can find meat from horses
sold alongside other more commonly known animal foods.
So should you eat horse meat? If you don’t personally have any moral
objections to eating horse and you can find it humanely slaughtered in
one of these specialty butchers, then I think the nutritional
information on horse meat above has shown it is actually healthier than
regular beef.
Unfortunately, horse meat’s nutritional value and what you actually
end up with in the vast majority of processed meat products are two
completely different things.
The Problem with Processed Meat
The recent horse meat scandal has provided some interesting insights
into the way food companies source their processed meat. The horse meat
found in the UK and Irish ready meals was originally sourced in Romania
and Poland by a Dutch company (this Wikipedia article has the
whole twisted tale) and tracing the source of the various different animal parts in a product can be difficult.
A more significant problem though is the potentially dangerous additives used in the manufacture of processed meat products,
particularly sodium nitrite which can lead to the creation of carcinogenic substances.
In 2012, the World Cancer Research Fund released a review
of over 7000 studies into the dietary causes of cancer. The report said
‘eating even a small amount of processed meats on a regular basis
increases our bowel cancer risk’. And on the routinely used additive
sodium nitrite, that it can ‘damage the DNA in our cells’.
Another study by the University of Hawaii concluded that regular
processed meat consumption increases your risk of pancreatic cancer by
67%. And diabetes researchers at Harvard University have discovered the
compounds like nitrites and nitrates in processed meat interfere with
the proper secretion of insulin and increase your risk of developing
diabetes.
Processed meat has other health issues worth considering too, such as
the amount of actual meat in it. Off cuts of the slaughtered carcass
that cannot be sold in any other form are generally used and many of us
wouldn’t really recognise what’s ground up to make these products as
real meat.
In fact, the horse meat found in the frozen ‘beef’ lasagne and ‘beef’
pasta products would have almost certainly been by far and away the
highest quality meat in the mix.
Conclusion
If you really are concerned about what you’re eating, you might want
to look into just how processed meat is actually made. Many nutritional
experts would say whether it is beef or horse meat is the least of your
problems if you are eating processed meat regularly.
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